A study has been made to optimise the influential parameters of surface lapping process. Lapping time, lapping speed, downward\npressure, and charging pressure were chosen from the preliminary studies as parameters to determine process performances in\nterms of material removal, lap width, and clamp force.The desirability functions of the-nominal-the-best were used to compromise\nmultiple responses into the overall desirability function level or D response.The conventional modified simplex or Nelder-Mead\nsimplex method and the interactive desirability function are performed to optimise online the parameter levels in order to maximise\nthe D response. In order to determine the lapping process parameters effectively, this research then applies two powerful artificial\nintelligence optimisation mechanisms from harmony search and firefly algorithms. The recommended condition of (lapping time,\nlapping speed, downward pressure, and charging pressure) at (33, 35, 6.0, and 5.0) has been verified by performing confirmation\nexperiments. It showed that the D response level increased to 0.96. When compared with the current operating condition, there\nis a decrease of the material removal and lap width with the improved process performance indices of 2.01 and 1.14, respectively.\nSimilarly, there is an increase of the clamp force with the improved process performance index of 1.58.
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